article 1 : Hydrogen as an alternative fuel.



As much as 95 percent of the hydrogen used today comes from natural gas processing. The rest is produced electrolytically - a process that breaks down water into its components, namely hydrogen and oxygen. Some of the technologies used to produce hydrogen are:
Steam reforming, converting methane gas (and other hydrocarbons in natural gas) to hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reaction with steam through a nickel catalyst. Carbon separated from hydrogen in the reform process can be captured and sequestered to avoid damage to the environment.• Electrolysis, using direct electric current to separate water into hydrogen at negative electrode and oxygen at positive electrode.• Steam electrolysis (a variation on conventional electrolysis) uses heat instead of electricity to provide the amount of energy needed to separate water, thus making the process more energy efficient.• Thermochemical water splitting, using chemicals and heat in steps to separate water into sections.• Photocatalytic systems, using special materials for separating water using only sunlight.• Photobiology system, using microorganisms to separate water in the presence of sunlight.• Biological systems use microbes to break down various biomass feedstocks into hydrogen.• Thermal splitting of water, using very high temperatures (about 1000 ° C) to separate water.• Gasification, using heat to break biomass or coal into pure hydrogen gas from which it can be extracted.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2 as raw material for making Hydrogen.
In the modern world, the presence of carbon monoxide, or CO, is numerous and almost countless. This compound is formed from the imperfect combustion of carbonaceous materials, such as gasoline, diesel, natural gas, kerosene, wood, charcoal, coal, alcohol, etc. The more efficient the combustion process of the material, the less CO is produced.
CO gas with H2O, converted to H2 and CO2 through a process called Water-Gas Shift Reaction. CO2 gas, which is the result of this process can be stored in the soil, or collected into a carbon dioxide storage system carried out on a fossil fuel plant equipped with a carbon capture and storage system (CCS).
Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a waste from a plant or fossil fuel industry, has also been proven to be used as a catalyst in the direct production of hydrogen from water by plasmolysis. This reaction was introduced for the first time by Bochin et al. (See reference).
Production of hydrogen as fuel for motor vehicles in Indonesia should not be delayed its application in Indonesia, because gas is expected to replace BBM is also limited reserves in our earth. Similarly with coal. Although coal can be liquefied and used as motor vehicle fuel, its reserves will be exhausted in the next two decades. The author would like to invite readers engaged in the utilization of new and renewable energy, to consider this hydrogen and develop it as an alternative fuel fuel for motor vehicles through the use of fuel cells. Hydrogen is also an important chemical commodity for manufacturing processes, such as chemical fertilizers, synthetic fuels, etc. Happy developing it.